Connect the VCC pin (pin 8) of the LM358 IC to the positive supply voltage (e.g., 12V).
Connect the GND pin (pin 4) of the LM358 IC to the ground (0V) of the circuit.
Proximity Sensor:
Connect the output of the infrared (IR) proximity sensor module or ultrasonic sensor to the non-inverting input (pin 3) of the LM358.
Connect the sensor’s VCC and GND pins to the positive supply and ground, respectively.
Voltage Divider:
Create a voltage divider using two resistors (e.g., 10kΩ and 100kΩ).
Connect one end of the 10kΩ resistor to the positive supply voltage.
Connect the other end of the 10kΩ resistor to the inverting input (pin 2) of the LM358.
Connect the junction between the two resistors to the inverting input (pin 2) of the LM358.
Connect the end of the 100kΩ resistor to the ground.
Output Stage:
Connect the output (pin 1) of the LM358 to the gate or base of a power MOSFET or relay.
Connect the source or emitter of the power MOSFET or relay to the ground.
Connect the drain or collector of the power MOSFET or relay to the positive supply voltage through a diode (e.g., 1N4148) to protect against voltage spikes.
Water Pump or Solenoid Valve:
Connect the water pump or solenoid valve to the common terminal of the power MOSFET or relay.
Connect one side of the water pump or solenoid valve to the positive supply voltage.
Connect the other side of the water pump or solenoid valve to the ground.
Working Principle:
The LM358 is used to amplify the signal from the proximity sensor.
The voltage divider sets a reference voltage for the inverting input.
When a hand is detected by the proximity sensor, the output of the LM358 changes, triggering the power MOSFET or relay.
The activated power MOSFET or relay turns on the water pump or solenoid valve, allowing water flow.
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